Types of Bone Marrow Transplant

Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant
Autologous bone marrow transplant means that the stem cells are extracted are from the patient's body before they are exposed to high radiation chemotherapy or radiation therapy process. The purpose of high-dose chemotherapy is to completely remove cancer cells, this can not be done in the absence of stem cells. The extracted stem cells are preserved in the freezer or by using a specific chemical assistant, which may be very low at very low temperatures. After this procedure stem cells are infused in the patient again to regain the proper functioning of blood cells through stem cells. It usually takes about 2-3 weeks for the injected stem cells to form blood cells again in the body.

Allogenic bone marrow transplant means stem cells extracted from another person. "Donor" is the person whose stem cells have been extracted. Often, the donor genes (partial/whole) must match the patient's genes. Specially designed tests (HLA tests) are done to determine if a donor is a good match for the patient. The donor could be from family but it isn't mandatory. In many cases, the donor isn't related to the patient at all. There are many national/international bone marrow registries where people can find ideal match donors who are unrelated to them but still compatible.

Another form of allogeneic transplant is Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation. Right after birth, stem cells are extracted from the umbilical cord. These cells are then frozen and preserved in a temperature-controlled environment until they are needed for a transplant. Numerous cord bank registrations hold a diverse assortment of stem cells. Umbilical cord blood cells aren't fully matured by nature, therefore there's no need to discover a good match. Because of the narrower range of the stem cells, it takes 4-6 weeks for the blood count to return to normal.

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